RESUMO
The human microbiome encodes vast numbers of uncharacterized enzymes, limiting our functional understanding of this community and its effects on host health and disease. By incorporating information about enzymatic chemistry into quantitative metagenomics, we determined the abundance and distribution of individual members of the glycyl radical enzyme superfamily among the microbiomes of healthy humans. We identified many uncharacterized family members, including a universally distributed enzyme that enables commensal gut microbes and human pathogens to dehydrate trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, the product of the most abundant human posttranslational modification. This "chemically guided functional profiling" workflow can therefore use ecological context to facilitate the discovery of enzymes in microbial communities.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Hidroxiprolina/metabolismo , Prolina Oxidase/química , Prolina Oxidase/genética , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Anaerobiose , Humanos , Metagenoma , Prolina Oxidase/metabolismo , Propanodiol Desidratase/química , Propanodiol Desidratase/genética , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Alinhamento de SequênciaAssuntos
Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/mortalidade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Pentoxifilina/administração & dosagem , Medição de Risco/métodos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Efeito Placebo , Placebos , Prognóstico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Taxa de Sobrevida , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
A new method of passive image dissection suitable for use in visualizing images formed in appropriate optics by millimeter, submillimeter, or far ir radiation is proposed. The method is based upon resonance absorption of radiant energy incident on an interferometric structure formed by semiconductor panel and a planar array of piezoelectric transducers that can be addressed sequentially. The equations governing the general behavior of the device are derived and used to point out some interesting and useful qualities and to compare its characteristics with other existing methods of passive image dissection. Experimental verification of the theoretical results are also presented.
